Education:  1963, BA, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.  1967, MD, State University of New York, Upstate Medical Center, Suracuse, NY.

Residency:  1967-1968, Mixed Medicine Psychiatry Internship, SUNY Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, NY.  1968-1971, Psychiatry Residency, Institute of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA.

Board Certifications:  1973, General Psychiatry, American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology, 1991, Geriatric Psychiatry, American Board of Pyschiatry and Neurology.

Education - 1983, BA, Liberal Arts, Eastern Mennonite College, Harrisonburg, PA; 1993, MSW, Social Work, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.